/* This testcase is part of GDB, the GNU debugger.

   Copyright 2005-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

typedef int (*callback_t) (void);

int
caller (callback_t callback)
{
  /* Ensure some frame content to push away the return address.  */
  volatile const long one = 1;

  /* Modify the return value to prevent any tail-call optimization.  */
  return (*callback) () - one;
}